The organization of the police department Essay Example for Free

The organization of the police department Essay An organization is said to be a group of people that is established to achieve a common set of goals through general approaches. (McNamara, 2007). Among the organizations rarely subjected to scrutiny is the police department. Although there are some investigations that study police organizations, many of those are focused on the study of the people within the organization and not the organization itself. Before a person can fully understand the people and the task within an organization, it is imperative for one to know their organizational context. (Cited in Wilson, 1989). The organization of the police department is said to be bureaucratic in structure and applies paramilitary style of operation. The practice of bureaucratic organization is considered to be the most efficient of all organizational forms (Cited in Gerth Mills, 1946) and is also a formal social organization which is characterized by its complex organizational structure, specialized sections, policies and procedures, a define hierarchical structure and career movement (Cited in Blau Marshall, 1982; Dantzker, 1999; Gerth Mills, 1946; March Simon, 1978; Wilson McLaren, 1977). The police department is said to practice the bureaucratic way of administration because it maximizes efficiency, it is also considered to have a paramilitary style of operation because it incorporates the military-style of operation. Furthermore the police organization is also classified as tall and hierarchal meaning the organization follows chains of commands and the power is only applicable for the few who are on top especially those who are in the position of the command level. â€Å"Police organizations†). The aim of this paper is to answer the following question: Why is an organization is important to the effectiveness of the police department? Like any other people-oriented institutions the efficiency of a police department is accounted to its organization. In order for an organization to function well several important aspects are needed to be considered like the purpose. An organization is binded by common purpose and according to Kenney (1972): The police are the primary civil agency of government responsible for criminal law enforcement, regulation of conduct and the protection of life and property. In a general sense they are responsible for assuring that orderly processes of government, business, industry and society as a whole may proceed with a minimum disruption. They also share responsibility for creation of an orderly environment in which social and economic change may take place with a minimum disorder and disruption. Since the required tasks of the police are increasing nowadays, specialization is implemented in order to divide the labor. Based from a study, specialization reflects the principles and traditions of an organization and it is considered to be the basic feature of an organization. These specializations allows the organization to increase its complexity and as for the people working in the organization it allows them to develop their expertise, increase the comradeship among the members and upsurge their effectivity and efficiency. (â€Å"Police agencies are organizations†). Although the police department may have a certain goal, the organization within the department is responsible for creating a diversified pool of members for the agency by determining and marking the capabilities of each person, the responsibility that they are assigned is properly placed to avoid the neglect of a mission. (Cited in Wilson and McLaren, 1977). Furthermore, the organizations establishment of specializations creates a ground for cooperation and open communication among the members as well as diversity and yet it is still able to maintain the overall picture of the organizational goal. The organization of the police department plays a big role in giving directives to line officers in the area of its responsibility and to dispatch police officers to respond to the problems encountered by a certain area in the earliest time possible. In a study done by Dantzker (1998), he said that an organization is organized by a given time of the day or area. This is common in the organization of the police departments. One example that Dantzker gave is the patrol services. Generally the service is a 24- hour-a-day function thus most of the police departments uses 3 shifts. The shifts are often coordinated by the areas like beat, zone, district, division and other geographical locations. It was suggested that it is imperative to know the needs of the environment where the organization will function so that fulfilling the goals and objectives will be much easier. Also, most of the actions taken by the line officers during their duties are accounted to the directives given to them by the directing officers and it was suggested that when officers are directed to high-crime areas and hot spots of crime makes patrol officers more proactive (Cited in Sherman et. l, 1997). However, not all the activities are directed to the officers in duty, some of the shifts are unassigned allowing officers to have self-initiated routines (Famega et al, 2005) and making them learn the value of accountability. In summary, the organization of the police department is imperative in the effectivity and efficiency not only of the whole agency but also the people within the circle . The organization of the police department creates a common ground for the officers to know and give emphasis on the goals of the organizations and generally take part in doing their assigned roles. Needless to say the organization allows the department to work in accordance to what is directed and yet still be able take initiative on some of the assignments assigned to them so as to learn the value of accountability. Furthermore the organization of the department reflects the people who are moving within the agency and the whole operational process of the whole department.

History and Effects of Marijuana :: Marijuana Should NOT Be Legal

Marijuana is the common name for the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. Hemp grows in tropical and in warm temperate climates. Dried up grounded leaves and stems have been known for a long period of time to be used as a drug. Through out many different regions in the world and for centuries has been used. Other uses as in medical to relieve symptoms of illness . Throughout its long history, parts of the plant have been smoked, chewed, eaten, and even brewed for it effects on the human biochemistry. Marijuana, having over 400 chemicals and the main chemical, Tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC was noted to be found in the mid-1960s. Marijuana a Spanish name has many other names such as weed, pot, grass, reefer, Mary Jane, and ganja.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The history of marijuana appeared in the early 2700 B.C. in a Chinese manuscript. Explorers to the new world first observed it in 1545. It was considered to be a very useful crop and that the Jamestown settlers in 1607 began its cultivation. Later, Virginia, farmers were actually fined for not growing this plant. From the 17th to the mid 20th century marijuana was considered a household drug used from treating headaches, menstrual cramps, and toothaches. Between the years 1919-1938 a stronger plant was born by American drug companies it was called Cannabis Americana. Marijuana now being a, drug soon became popular among musicians who maintained that smoking gave them the inspiration they needed to play there music. Others began to get addicted to marijuana, it spread world wide to major cities such as Chicago, New York, Paris, and London.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marijuana effects two main parts of the human body, the cardiovascular and the central nervous systems. Low doses of marijuana consists of a sense of well being and drowsiness/relaxation. As the doses increase other effects tend to come in, altered sense of time and sensory awareness, difficulty in memory such as remember last movements. Conversations are cut and thoughts are incomplete and exaggerated laughter also take place when doses are increased. At much higher to extreme doses, paranoia, hallucinations, panic attacks and delusions occur.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the cardiovascular system is affected it does damage to the body such as increased heart rate and dilation of eye blood vessels. Marijuana smoking has been proven to raise the risk of heart attacks. Difficulty in body movement and coordination is also a long term effect also pains in the chest is.

Chinas Ancient Dynastys

The government in ancient China was established by Dynasties. Dynasties were mostly a sequence of rulers or emperors from the same family. As I said, a Dynasty was ruled by an emperor. This emperor had total control of the land and would make all the final decisions. Some of the most popular Dynasties in china were: †¢Xia Dynasty About 1994 BCE – 1766 BCE †¢Shang Dynasty 1766 BCE – 1027 BCE †¢Zhou Dynasty 1122 BCE -256 BCE (skipped because Celeste did it) †¢Qin Dynasty 221 BCE – 206 BCE (skipped because Celeste did it) †¢ Han Dynasty 25 AD – 220 AD †¢Sui Dynasty 589 AD – 618 AD Ming Dynasty 1368 AD – 1644 AD †¢ Qing Dynasty 1644 AD – 1912 AD The Xia Dynasty was the first dynasty in the history of China. There is no real archeologal evidence of this dynasty but it is said to be that the Xia ruler was overthrown when he started mistreating his people. The first real evidence found was of the Shang Dynas ty. This dynasty mainly ruled the northern part of china, it was based a lot on agriculture like; millet, wheat, and barley were the primary crops grown. In addition to the crops, silkworms, pigs, dogs, sheep, and oxen were raised.Apart from this the Shang Dynasty also had a lot of income from metallurgy. Some things like bronze ships, weapons, and tools were found from that time. This dynasty was a society where the kind ruled over military forces. This was called an aristocratic class. Under this class came the priest class. The priests were mainly in charge of religion but also keeping records for the government! The religion in this dynasty was based on a worship of many gods, there were many gods but the main god was known as Shang Ti, the lord on high.The fall of the Shang dynasty was much like the Xia dynasty except the ruler wasn’t overthrown but killed by another smaller kingdom. After the civil war China had, which lead to the death of the leader Qin Shihuangdi, chi na was reunited by the rule of the Han dynasty. This dynasty is divided into two main times, the Western/Former Han (206 BC- 9AD) and the eastern/later Han (25-220 AD). The rules and the boundaries that the Qin dynasty put and then reinforced by the Han have shaped up Chinese culture.An example of this is the Western Han Capital, Chang’an, which in present day is called Shaanxi Province. It is a monumental urban center with places, residential wards, and two loud and big market areas. This Dynasty was where they established Confucianism. It was officially chosen over Legalism. After this Dynasty came the Sui dynasty. Under this Dynasty china was brought together again. This dynasty only lasted about 8 years, but there were a lot of things going on during this time. The Sui dynasty introduced china to new religions, such as Taoism and Buddhism.They weren’t official but people started to take notice in them. The one that people found most interesting was Buddhism, people valued it a lot. Another thing that happened, the Great Wall was repaired, and a canal system was built through china. The canal today is The Gran Canal. The Sui dynasty fell because of losses in the South Manchuria and Northern Korea. Once they were defeated rebels started taking over. Chu Yuan-Chang was the first guy to re gain control power over china since the Mongols had been ruling. This was when the Ming dynasty started.The Ming focused a lot on literature, schools, and justice systems. Apart from this they improved the Great Wall and the Grand Canal again! As they did so they divided china into 15 provinces, in each province there were 3 commissionaires. One commissioner was in charge of all the finances, another one was for military orders, and the last one was judicial matters. Eventually the financial commissioner got someone who ruled over him and supervised everything was going good. Over time the Ming dynasty got stronger and started spreading.They started taking over non Chinese lands and eventually defeated the Mongol tribe. Chinas army became so strong that over the first quarter of the 15th century China had influenced many places such as South Asia, India, and even Madagascar! After a period of time the Ming started to grow weak, so weak that the Dynasty couldn’t provide food for its people. This caused a rebellion from the population, the Manchurians saw this as a way in and offered help against the rebellions. Once the rebels were out, Manchurians refused to leave. Since the Ming was so weak, it had to move south.Like most previous invaders that came to China, they adapted pretty fast to this culture. The government was based on the Ming Dynasties government. Although it was based on the Ming, it was more centralized. There was a new institution called the Gran Council, it had both a Manchurian and a Chinese leader. The Grand Council would check and authorize political and military affairs that were lead by the emperor. Even after all this time the Ming had not given up yet and had kept fighting back but eventually; by the end of the 17 century the Manchurians finished them.The Manchurians became so powerful they controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, Xinxiang, and Tibet! Because of this other countries began to see China as a super power since it was controlled by Manchurians. During the population replaced/superseded the economic growth. Due to this the economy started to go down and decline. Because of this and because of foreign expansion the government funds were gone! They had used them all up. They had nothing left so they had to give into trading with the West. Their main trading partners were the French, the US, and the British.The British obviously wanted to gain a lot from trading with China so they started integrating Indian opium in their trades. This made Chinas silver reserves depleted. Apart from this there were still a few people who believed in the Han Dynasty who resented the Manchurians, which ca used a rebellion. Apart from this Manchurians became a way of imperial which causes even more rebellions. And especially once Western ideas started influencing in china people started adapting to them and this brought then Qing dynasty to an end.

Zara Essay examples - 1242 Words

Executive Summary: Zara is one the leading fashion having a substantial sale of Euro 8088 million in 2010. There are many factors which have led to such a substantial growth for the company some of which are analyzed in the subsequent discussion. Some of them are capability to release in-season fashion in 50% less time than competitors. The central distribution model and efficiency in supply chain has contributed to this immense success. Once the stores are opened outside Spain this is the biggest hurdle which it has to cross. 1. What makes Zara different from other specialty apparel retailers? There are many levers which differentiate Zara from its competitors some of which are: a) The biggest strength which Zara has is that†¦show more content†¦f) The number of designs of around 10000 which were released every year was much more than a regular retailer and provided the option that even if some designs fail it will still have a lot of designs more than its competitors. g) Zara owned a part of the every entity in supply chain which gave them an immense control over the process of releasing the new designs in a very short period of time. 2. What is Zara’s business and operations strategy? Are they well aligned? Zara’s business strategy primarily consisted of maintaining the control over the full value chain so that it can react to changes in fashion very fast and come out with new designs before competitors. The close relation it maintained with store managers and store associates help is get the valuable customer feedback on what the latest demands of industry are. 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